DATABASE Collection of data or information organized for rapid search and retrieva

Collection of data or information organized for rapid search and retrieval, especially by a computer. Databases are structured to facilitate storage, retrieval, modification, and deletion of data in conjunction with various data-processing operations. A database consists of a file or set of files that can be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage. Users retrieve database information primarily through queries. Using keywords and sorting commands, users can rapidly search, rearrange, group, and select the field in many records to retrieve or create reports on particular aggregates of data according to the rules of the database management system being used.

information can serve many applications, even those not anticipated at the time the database was created. This is in contrast to traditional methods of data storage that hold a fixed amount of data retrievable in a predetermined format, often duplicating the storage of information in as many files as there are applications. For example, the name and address of the same customer may be in a marketing file, a billing file, and an addressing file. If any one of these applications changes, and the programs that access and use the customer record change, then the customer file must change. In database systems, the customer information is retrievable for each application from a shared file that is not dependent upon the application programs for its structure.

Collection of Data stored on a computer storage medium in a common pool for access on an as-needed basis. The same pool of information can serve many applications, even those not anticipated at the time the database was created. This is in contrast to traditional methods of data storage that hold a fixed amount of data retrievable in a predetermined format, often duplicating the storage of information in as many files as there are applications. For example, the name and address of the same customer may be in a marketing file, a billing file, and an addressing file. If any one of these applications changes, and the programs that access and use the customer record change, then the customer file must change.

Storehouse of related data records independently managed apart from any specific program or information system application. It is then made available to a wide variety of individuals and systems within the organization. In essence, it is an electronic filing cabinet providing a common core of information accessible by a program. An example is a data base of inventory items.

HostingPalace provides free database space along with its packages.

HostingPalace has the innovative webhosting technology to implement in the web hosting domestic market. The web hosting Panel provided by HostingPalace as control panel of your domain is one among the best in the current market. It is your domain control panel, from where you manage all aspects of your domain and its contents. The domain control panel provided by web hosting company has been designed with the intention of making it easier for an individual to even act as a domain registrar possessing an authority to register a domain for self or for its clients and every now and then on the basis of requirement he can modify the web hosting account with every new update hence the domain resellers can benefit from such technology with the authority to register domain for its clients. It has become more user-friendly and more reliable.

When you access your web hosting account, everything you need is available right there in hosting panel or domain control panel itself.

The main tools available within your panels let you do the basic domain and webspace administration required to keep your website in order. You can set or reset your login details, ftp details and email accounts from web hosting control panel. You can access and maintain all your databases from your web hosting control panel as well, review basic statistics of your website, check your bandwidth use, check which scripts are supported, block certain IP addresses(depends on the web hosting package terms) from accessing your website, check for and clear up viruses, make a backup of your entire site, and other general maintenance actions, or grooming, of your domain.

If your web hosting plan allows it, you can actually set up different domains within your single account and control them all through your hosting or domain control panel.

Within your webhosting panel, you will more often than not find a handy little extra applications called file manager. It is what made easier for a client to deploy website files in webspace without taking the help of ftp account.Inbuilt feature of webhosting panel helps doing so, and this brilliant tool really comes as a handy element for hosting resellers who in this case every now and then need not have to memorize or search for ftp login information for different domains of its clients . It is not restricted to limited upload or download. One can deploy unlimited files in its webspace using the feature however restricted to limited upload in some online software at one time due to unavailability to browse for unlimited files. Bandwidth doesnt get much affected with such move and unlimited upload and download can easily be taken into process(incase the package has unlimited webspace and bandwidth facility).

Some hosting panel has the feature of adding java applications separately to its webspace package. As java is an important and widely used application most of the web hosting companies will make it sure the compatible features to enable the java application resides in the online software or control panel.

Many web hosting companies have added online shopping application in its webspace packages which helps clients to add up the application to its website at ease rather swaying the process of manipulation and editing. These comes free nowadays with web hosting packages. Most of the web hosting companies have included such applications for free in its web hosting package to let their client get benefited for hosting web applications.

HostingPalace has started providing free search engine submission for its 2 years old clients.Based on the demand of our clients which they are looking to get for free along with their web hosting i.e webspace packages HostingPalace has stated implementing this technique to help our clients to submit their website URL for free in over 8 lakh search engines.

The database terms used in this manual are defined in Definitions. The network database model, which forms the basis of the RDM Embedded system, is described in The Network Database Model. Other Database Models, describes the hierarchical and relational database models. Advantages of the Combined Model describes the advantages of the network model over the relational database model. Specific elements of an RDM Embedded database are described in the final section.

To use RDM Embedded productively, you need to understand RDM Embedded database concepts. This chapter's purpose is to provide sufficient information for a database novice to use RDM Embedded effectively. As part of our efforts to familiarize you with database concepts, we have provided a Glossary of database terms at the end of this manual.

The basic unit of information in a database is a field. A field (or data field) is an item of data with attributes such as name, type (for example, a character or an integer), and length. Examples of fields are employee name, date of birth, social security number, inventory item code, and serial number. Other database systems or books may use other terms (such as attribute, entity, or column) for field.

A record is a named collection of related fields, which are stored and accessed as a unit. Other database systems or books may use other terms (such as table or file) for record.

Each occurrence (or instance) of a check record in the database contains a value for each of these fields. The definition of a record (made up by its fields) is called the record type and is similar to C structures.

All occurrences of a particular record type are stored in an operating system file. Files are the primary physical storage units of database organization. A database, therefore, is a collection of related files.

A key is a field through which rapid or sorted access to a record is possible. In the check record, you might define check number as a key field, to allow quick retrieval of a check record occurrence through specification of a check number.

An index is a file containing only keys. It is synonymously referred to as a key file. The index to this manual demonstrates the features of a key file: the individual subject entries in the index are the "keys," while the page where the subject is discussed is analogous to the associated "records." You can find the page that discusses a desired subject much more quickly by using the index than by reading through each page. And, because the keys are sorted in the index, you can quickly find a specific key. Key files are similar, except the computer does the sorting and look-ups for you. To maintain its key files, RDM Embedded uses the B-tree method, one of the most efficient techniques for implementing an index.

In a key scan operation, the keys in an index are read in the order they appear. Key scans are used to produce sorted listings of records and for fast search operations requiring inspection of a large number of record occurrences (for example, retrieving all checks entered between two dates).

Data relationships often exist between record types.

To associate a particular budget category with each check record, we add a budget code field to the check record type, forming a relationship between the budget record and the check record. Whenever a check is entered, the related budget record is located via the budget code, and the balance for that budget is updated by the amount specified in the check record.

The schema is the conceptual definition of the content and organization of a database. A schema will include the definitions of all record types, with their fields and keys. The form of the schema used by the DBMS is called the dictionary. In RDM Embedded (and most other DBMSs) a Database Definition Language, or DDL, specifies the schema. An RDM Embedded DDL specification for the checking account database is shown below.

A data model (or database model) is a conceptual representation of inter-record relationships. The relational database model establishes and maintains inter-record relationships through common data fields. For example, in the checking account example a common data field, budget code, establishes the relationship between the budget record and the check record.

Other database models, in particular the network database model, establish inter-record relationships directly, through physical links between the related records, rather than through common data fields. These models are discussed in the following sections. Since RDM Embedded supports both the relational and the network database models, you can combine the features of these models to meet the needs of your particular application.

In the network database model, the relationships between record types are explicitly defined and directly maintained through sets. A set defines a one-to-many relationship between two record types.

Sets are implemented with linked lists of pointers to the record locations of the set members and owners. The result is a network of interconnected records.

In the checking account example discussed earlier, the relationship between the budget and check record types could be specified using a set called transactions, defining a one-to-many relationship between a budget record (owner) and the check records (members) written against a particular budget category. In this case, the bud_code field in the check record would not be defined in the check record type, as it is redundant.

In the hierarchical database model (a subset of the network model) a record type is allowed to be a member of only one set. Record types can still, however, own more than one set. The owner is called the parent and the member is called the child.

The relational database model views the database as a set of two-dimensional tables (or relations). The columns (also called attributes) of a table correspond to data fields, and the rows of the table correspond to record occurrences. This tabular view of a database is particularly easy to manipulate with standard relational database operations, which are based on mathematical set theory.

In the relational model, relationships between tables are usually established through common data fields. Recall from the initial checking account example that the relationship between the budget and check records was formed by including in the check record a budget code field to identify the budget category.

The principal distinction between the relational and network models is that in the relational model, relationships are formed through common data fields between the related record types, while in the network model those relationships are defined directly.

Note that it is possible to transform databases from relational to network and from network to relational.

The network model eliminates data redundancy by relating the two record types directly, without requiring the duplicate field and index file. Moreover, the related record is accessed directly with one database read operation, where the relational model forces you to read first an index and then the related record.

For those situations where an index is more efficient, RDM Embedded provides you with that option. With RDM Embedded, network access and indexed access are independent methods, so you can combine them to suit the needs of your particular application. Combining these technologies gives you maximum database design flexibility.

We have already discussed two access methods available in RDM Embedded: indexes and sets. A third method is called sequential access. All three methods can be used together for navigating and searching in a database. Each has its own ways of establishing and changing a position in the database. The methods are nearly orthogonal, meaning that the use of one will not disrupt the use of the others. The one value they share is the current record, which points to the record in the database that has been found most recently. The current record is the default object for many of the RDM Embedded functions. All three access methods set the current record.

The indexed method allows you to find a record occurrence by supplying a key. The key can be an exact match, in which case you are positioned directly on a record, or a near match, which will position you just before the record containing a key value higher in the collating sequence. You can also position yourself to the first or last keys of a given key type, regardless of their values. Once at a position, you can move to the previous or next key in the collating sequence. The keys are maintained and navigated in the order maintained in the index, regardless of the physical order of the records to which they point.

The set method allows you to move through set connections in various directions. You can move from the owner of a set instance to the first or last member of the set. From a set member, you can move to the next or previous member record, or to the owner record. During the navigation of sets, positions are established on a per-set basis: the current owner and current member is indicated for each set type that has been used. If defined, a system record can be used as the entry point into a database. When the database is opened, the system record is the current owner of all sets owned by the system record.

The sequential method allows you to find the first, last, next, or previous physical instance of a given record type. RDM Embedded does not allow the programmer to insert records at specific physical positions in a file. Their insertion is normally at the end of a file, but this is not guaranteed if you are using the delete chain. The sequential method is useful when you are searching all records of a given type, but do not care about the order.

An RDM Embedded database consists of:

A dictionary, which stores information describing the content and organization of the database
Data files, which contain occurrences of one or more record types
Key files, which contain an index for one or more key fields
Vardata files, which contain data belonging to one or more variable length fields

Records contain data fields, key fields, and set linkages (which are transparent to the user). They can be accessed through set navigation (that is, traversing through the linked lists associated with specific sets), through key fields (using a fast look-up of the index), sequentially, or through a combination of all three methods.

RDM Embedded now supports storage of databases in shared memory, instead of files. The database contents have the same logical structure, whether stored in shared memory or in files. Thus the division of the database into data files, key files and vardata files applies to in-memory databases as well as disk-based databases. However, a database "file" may now be stored as multiple shared memory segments instead of being stored as a file in the file system.

The database dictionary, which is normally stored in a file created by ddlp or sddlp, can now be placed in a static structure in the application program, avoiding the need for any files at all in an RDM Embedded application. The system files created by RDM Embedded, the TAF and the LOG files, will then also be stored in shared memory segments instead of files.

A database may also be stored partially in memory and partially on disk. Some database files may be stored on disk while others are stored in memory. Key files, which can always be generated from the data files, could be held in memory and regenerated whenever the application starts.

Database files can also be read from disk when the database is opened and then maintained in shared memory while the application is running. When the database is closed the contents of the shared memory can then either be discarded (database files defined as "read") or written back to disk (database files defined as "persistent").

A record type, or table, can now be defined as "circular". Normally, when a table becomes full, RDM Embedded does not allow further record instances to be inserted until some are deleted. With circular tables, when the table becomes full RDM Embedded will still allow new record instances to be created. The new record instances will overwrite existing ones, starting with the oldest. RDM Embedded does not allow explicit deletion of record instances in a circular table.

The definition of a circular table includes a size limit. This provides a useful way of allocating a fixed amount of storage space for storing the most recent instances of a particular record type. For example, this may be useful in storing event data that is being generated rapidly, where only the most recent data is relevant. Circular tables remove the risk that incoming data may fail to be stored due to lack of space, while avoiding the need for the application to delete obsolete data.

A database is an organized collection of information. Common examples of a database would be a telephone book, mailing list, recipe book, or a check book.

The term database is a little different in Access. An Access database refers to a set of data related to a specific purpose or topic, along with the tools needed to utilize and manipulate that data, such as sorting, extracting, or summarizing.

The first term to become familiar with is a Table. An Access table is a list of related information presented in a column/row format.

A table is broken down into additional components such as a row in a table. Each row is referred to as a Record. So if you look up your information in a telephone book you are reviewing your record.

Each column in a table is a category of information referred to as a Field. In a telephone book the column of phone numbers would be considered the Phone Number field.

One item of data, such as a single phone number, is called a Data Value.

Prior to understanding the concept of a Relational Database you should first understand the concept of a Flat File Database. A spreadsheet would be considered a Flat File database.

Another key piece to the relational database concept is each table contains a field, or a combination of fields, in which the data value uniquely identifies the record and Access will ensure that the data values remain unique to each record. This field is referred to as the Primary Key. A Customer Id field would be added to the Customers table and Book Id would be added to Book Inventory table

If each customer is assigned a unique value—their Customer Id—which is then referenced when placing an order. The same would be true for Book Inventory. Each Book is assigned a unique value that is referenced in the Orders table when a book is purchased

Thus the tables are related to each other by a common field.

A table that contains the "parent" or "primary" information can be linked to the appropriate row(s) in a table that contains "child" or "related" information based on common key field of the two tables.

Each relationship will have a Primary (parent) table and a Related (child) table as previously described.

An easy way to determine the Primary table in the relationship is to note the Primary key. Typically the Primary table is the table that holds the Primary key field in the relationship.

In the above image, the Customers table is the Primary table and the Orders table would be the Related table.

How each table is related to each other is another key concept in a relational database.

There are two main types of Relationships: One-to-One and One-to-Many. There is a third relationship type called a Many-to-Many relationship, but I'll cover that type of relationship in a future article.

A one-to-one relationship exists when the primary record will have only one related record. Another determining factor is both fields used the relationship are Primary Key fields

A one-to-many relationship is the most common type of relationship. A one-to-many relationship exists when the primary record can have many related records

A dbms collection of computer programs that allow storage, modification, and extraction of information from a database. There are many different types of DBMS ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes. Examples-- Computerized library systems, automated teller machines, flight reservation systems, computerized parts inventory systems.

SQL is an acronym for Structured Query Language . It is the language in which, the client sends the request to the database for data Eg. Select name, address From emp Where city = 'NOIDA'

Development of a data warehouse includes development of systems to extract data from operating systems plus installation of a warehouse database system that provides managers flexible access to the data

Data mining is a class of database applications that look for hidden patterns in a group of data that can be used to predict future behavior

Data modelling is the analysis of data objects and their relationships to other data objects. Data modeling is often the first step in database design and object-oriented programming as the designers first create a conceptual model of how data items relate to each other. Data modeling involves a progression from conceptual model to logical model to physical schema.

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ASP.net Active server page

Microsoft's ASP.net is a server-side scripting technology that can be used to create dynamic and interactive Web applications. It is an important application that web hosting companies have implemented in their hosting server technology as well. Hosting resellers can benefit a lot from the webspace package taken from web hosting companies who have implemented such applications as they would find the space to run their web application in asp.net which nowadays has been in demand. An ASP.net page is an HTML page that contains server-side scripts that are processed by a web server before being sent to the user's browser. You can combine ASP with Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) to create powerful interactive Web sites. ASP.net coding is more "compact" than ASP code; the scripts required to perform a given function are shorter in ASP.net than they are in ASP.

Since the server-side script is building a regular HTML page, it can be served to almost any browser. An ASP.net file can be created by using any text editing tool, such as notepad.

A Microsoft server-side Web technology. ASP.NET takes an object-oriented programming approach to Web page execution. Every element in an ASP.NET page is treated as an object and run on the server. An ASP.NET page gets compiled into an intermediate language by a .NET Common Language Runtime-compliant compiler. Then a JIT compiler turns the intermediate code to native machine code, and that machine code is eventually run on the processor. Because the code is run straight from the processor, pages load much faster than classic ASP pages, where embedded VBScript or JScript had to be continuously interpreted and cached.

ASP.NET is used to create Web pages and Web services and is an integral part of Microsoft's .NET vision.

HostingPalace has the innovative webhosting technology to implement in the web hosting domestic market. The web hosting Panel provided by HostingPalace as control panel of your domain is one among the best in the current market. It is your domain control panel, from where you manage all aspects of your domain and its contents. The domain control panel provided by web hosting company has been designed with the intention of making it easier for an individual to even act as a domain registrar possessing an authority to register a domain for self or for its clients and every now and then on the basis of requirement he can modify the web hosting account with every new update hence the domain resellers can benefit from such technology with the authority to register domain for its clients. It has become more user-friendly and more reliable.

When you access your web hosting account, everything you need is available right there in hosting panel or domain control panel itself.

The main tools available within your panels let you do the basic domain and webspace administration required to keep your website in order. You can set or reset your login details, ftp details and email accounts from web hosting control panel. You can access and maintain all your databases from your web hosting control panel as well, review basic statistics of your website, check your bandwidth use, check which scripts are supported, block certain IP addresses(depends on the web hosting package terms) from accessing your website, check for and clear up viruses, make a backup of your entire site, and other general maintenance actions, or grooming, of your domain.

If your web hosting plan allows it, you can actually set up different domains within your single account and control them all through your hosting or domain control panel.

Within your webhosting panel, you will more often than not find a handy little extra applications called file manager. It is what made easier for a client to deploy website files in webspace without taking the help of ftp account.Inbuilt feature of webhosting panel helps doing so, and this brilliant tool really comes as a handy element for hosting resellers who in this case every now and then need not have to memorize or search for ftp login information for different domains of its clients . It is not restricted to limited upload or download. One can deploy unlimited files in its webspace using the feature however restricted to limited upload in some online software at one time due to unavailability to browse for unlimited files. Bandwidth doesnt get much affected with such move and unlimited upload and download can easily be taken into process(incase the package has unlimited webspace and bandwidth facility).

Some hosting panel has the feature of adding java applications separately to its webspace package. As java is an important and widely used application most of the web hosting companies will make it sure the compatible features to enable the java application resides in the online software or control panel.

Many web hosting companies have added online shopping application in its webspace packages which helps clients to add up the application to its website at ease rather swaying the process of manipulation and editing. These comes free nowadays with web hosting packages. Most of the web hosting companies have included such applications for free in its web hosting package to let their client get benefited for hosting web applications.

HostingPalace has started providing free search engine submission for its 2 years old clients.Based on the demand of our clients which they are looking to get for free along with their web hosting i.e webspace packages HostingPalace has stated implementing this technique to help our clients to submit their website URL for free in over 8 lakh search engines.

Active Server Pages (ASP) establishes strong popularity in business and software development. From applications web hosting delhi which outfit well with ASP to applications built with ASP, the potency of ASP reclines in building dynamic HTML web pages which are based on a user's input and profile.

There are a few rules about utilization of ASP, the first one being a judgment regarding attaching to it and not itinerant off to UNIX or a number of other server platform. ASP excels with ActiveX/COM components, Microsoft Index Server, SQL Server databases and Microsoft Commerce server. ASP also utilizesWeb hosting delhi VB Script as a language; therefore ASP carries out well in the hands of an experienced VB user. Which just similar to any other programming language, troubleshooting is needed for ASP.

Another most important feature which web hosting makes ASP the programmer's selection is its interface to regular tasks; the attribute simplifies web programming by turning the easy tasks easier. The interface employs the qualities of ASP besides exposing them as objects.

As in object-oriented programming, the programmer generates an occurrence of an object; ASP brings objects which are previously initiated and existing to the scripting language engine. The objects are therefore known as intrinsic and engage no work in advance. These objects could be accessed Web hosting all time and summarize a set of very definite services, separately from providing shorthand access to widespread tasks similar to reading the submitted data, redirecting the client's browser, reading and writing cookies, and with some more functionality.

These can be explained as placeholders Web hosting for server surface global variables (IIS application), that describes the physical space of a web server chosen for a website. However a web server can have numerous IIS application, while one ASP application object is chosen per IIS application. This is because the Application object's collection which holds user generated variables. Therefore when a programmer generates a variable, it is place on the contents collection that may hoard scalar variables and arrays separately from the objects as well.

Different to recognizable document types similar ASP serves documents, HTML documents of its own file type. Therefore an web hosting ASP document permits processing on the server side previous to it is come again to the browser. The extension of the ASP file is .asp. Documents with .asp extension give all the existing functionality resulting from ASP; it is also able of carry out script commands inside the document. The file extension assists the web server is familiar with the file that executes the script commands inside the file. The process; though, treats web hosting additional markup languages (e.g. HTML) in a standard style. This creates the source code of the put aside file's PerlScript (script commands written in PERL) engaged to the user as view: source does not function, as everything is accessed on the server side and returned items come in a standard format in HTML form.

For performing the script web hosting commands inside an ASP file, it should be particular what scripting language must be utilized for ASP to identify the commands. Setting a default scripting language in the .asp document can perform this; the specified scripting language shall then execute all script commands inside the tags and , which is called the script-delimiters. This setting can moreover be applied inside the Microsoft Management Console's IIS snap-in, or can be utilized as what ASP knows as a page command.

Ever thought of building a framework for dynamic HTML pages? Or making Internet and Intranet based applications interactive? It is possible, and the best part is that you need not rack your brains anymore. Just get your web Hosting hands on ASP- an abbreviation for the Active Sever Pages, a specification for a dynamically created Web page with an ASP extension.ASP is also a feature that installs with Microsofts Internet Information Services (IIS) web-server and requires no special interaction or configuration. The server-side technology also does not put any requirements on the client or browser, and, as a result, gives rise to no browser-compatibility issues. An ASP file can contain text, HTML tags and scripts that are executed on the server; therefore, some basic understanding on HTML / XHTML shall be an added privilege.

ASP is an abbreviation for the Active Sever Pages, for created dynamic Web Pages a with an ASP extension.ASP is also an attribute web hosting which are installed with Microsofts Internet Information Services (IIS) web-server and needs no special interaction or configuration. The server-side technology also does not place any constraints on the client or browser as a result, provides go up to no browser-compatibility problems. An ASP file can enclose text, HTML tags and scripts which are executed on the server; so with, a number of basic understandings on XHTML/ HTML shall be an added opportunity.

A narrowing for Active Server Pages and a program web Hosting that runs within Internet Information Services, a free component which approaches with Windows 2000 or with Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack. ASP is a Microsoft Technology and an attribute of Microsoft's web server software. These ASP and ChiliASP are the technologies which permit ASP to run with no Windows OS.
An ASP file is identical to a HTML file and can hold text, XML, HTML, and scripts. Scripts in an ASP file are performed on the server. An ASP file has the file extension asp. Every Microsoft web hosting packages hold Active Server Pages.
ASP approaches free as it arrives with the Win2000 OS. It is fraction of IIS and must be added with add/remove programs with the help of the menu.

Cross Site Scripting and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks are one of dangerous attacks on web. They are among the most famous security issues affecting web applications. OWASP regards is the number one security issue on the Web. Both ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC paid very much attention to make applications build with ASP.NET as secure as possible. So by default they will throw an exception 'A potentially dangerous value was detected from the client', when they see, < followed by an exclamation(like <!) or < followed by the letters a through z(like <s) or & followed by a pound sign(like &#123) as a part of querystring, posted form and cookie collection. This is good for lot of applications. But this is not always the case. Many applications need to allow users to enter html tags, for example applications which uses Rich Text Editor. You can allow user to enter these tags by just setting validateRequest="false" in your Web.config application configuration file inside <pages> element if you are using Web Form. This will globally disable request validation. But in ASP.NET MVC request handling is different than ASP.NET Web Form. Therefore for disabling request validation globally in ASP.NET MVC you have to put ValidateInputAttribute in your every controller. This become pain full for you if you have hundred of controllers. Therefore in this article i will present a very simple way to handle request validation globally through web.config.

Before starting how to do this it is worth to see why validateRequest in Page directive and web.config not work in ASP.NET MVC. Actually request handling in ASP.NET Web Form and ASP.NET MVC is different. In Web Form mostly the HttpHandler is the page handler which checks the posted form, query string and cookie collection during the Page ProcessRequest method, while in MVC request validation occur when ActionInvoker calling the action.

The ASP.NET Dynamic-Language Runtime (DLR) is a framework for using .NET Framework-based dynamic languages. The project includes samples for creating ASP.NET Web pages by using dynamic languages such as IronPython and IronRuby.

ASP.NET MVC 2 RTM source as well as the source for ASP.NET MVC 2 Futures is now available for download.
ASP.NET Ajax Library Beta is now available for download. This release includes the Ajax Control Toolkit, the new client script loader, the new imperative syntax, and jQuery integration.
Lightweight Test Automation Framework Nov. Release is now available for download. This release features several improvements, bug fixes, and new tools.
Dynamic Data 4 is now available for download. Plus a new DomainDataSource for business logic for Web Forms is available.

ASP.NET is what you get when you combine ASP with .NET. You can build web pages and dynamic web applications with less code. You also gain the ability to create applications in .NET compatible languages such as C#. The tutorials in this section show what you can do with this versatile marriage of technologies.

ASP.NET is one of the most popular Internet and Web development tools in use today. Our ASP.NET Resource Center focuses on the vast amount of free ASP.NET content available online, plus some for-sale items. Start your search here for tools, downloads, text and video tutorials, webcasts, podcasts, wikis, documentation, reference manuals, conferences, FAQs, books, e-books, sample chapters, articles, newsgroups, forums, downloads from CNET's download.com, jobs and contract opportunities, and more that will help you develop ASP.NET-based applications. Keep track of ASP.NET blogs for the latest news and developments, or sign up for RSS feeds to be notified promptly of each new development. Download free open-source ASP.NET projects. Check out our ASP.NET terminology list —we've alphabetized hundreds of the key ASP.NET-related terms from the ASP.NET Resource Center so you can quickly see what kinds of resources you'll find.

Create and run a simple Web form example. Consider fee-based courses from Microsoft. Learn about Web forms, Web controls, multitier application architecture, ASP.NET 2.0 site navigation, filtering database data with parameters, and accessing database data. Make your ASP.NET applications talk. Customize sites with Web Parts. Learn the new features of IIS 7.0 including its complete integration with ASP.NET. Learn the new ASP.NET 2.0 code-behind model. Build wizard-based forms with less code.

Use ASP.NET Atlas to create an Ajax-based Web application. Check out the ASP.NET Project Atlas Quickstart Tutorial. Download the ASP.NET Atlas wiki to create your own wiki Web site. View demos of ASP.NET applications. Check out an ASP.NET blog application, an ASP.NET business process management solution, and a Sudoku library that generates new puzzles and solves existing ones. Check out lots of ASP.NET code, including an ASP.NET calendar and event planner and an ASP.NET guestbook. Check out CAPTCHA—the "completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart." Learn about XML Web services and how to convert existing ASP applications to ASP.NET.

Check out ASP.NET-related Yahoo Groups and Google groups. Read insider blogs—Scott Guthrie, from Microsoft's ASP.NET team, blogs about ASP.NET, IIS and Visual Web Developer 2005; Shanku Niyogi, the ASP.NET Program Manager, blogs about the latest ASP.NET developments, events and more. Check out the best job sites and set up alerts so that you are notified when new jobs are posted. Check out a weekly Internet talk show for .NET developers. And have some fun with ASP.NET-based game programming—including hangman, blackjack, and "Dr. GUI.NET" from Microsoft—a game based on John Conway's Game of Life.

C# is one of the most popular object-oriented, event-driven programming languages in use today. Our C# Resource Center focuses on the enormous amount of free C# content available online. Start your search here for resources, downloads, tutorials, webcasts, C# game programming resources, documentation, books, e-books, journals, articles, blogs, RSS feeds and more that will help you develop C# applications.

As we scoured the Web, we found some fabulous and fun sites that we think you'll enjoy. Interested in becoming a game programmer? The C# Resource Center includes links to several C# game programming webcasts that will teach you how to develop games and an animated screensaver using C#. Want to know what the experts are saying about C#? You'll find links to Microsoft's Visual C# 2005 Team blogs. Interested in using an open-source version of C#? Check out the SharpDevelop open-source integrated development environment downloads, tutorials and articles.

The DotNetNuke Resource Center is your guide to the online resources for this open-source framework for web applications development. DotNetNuke, based on the Microsoft .NET framework, allows you to build robust, enterprise web applications including complex web sites and content management systems. In fact, we've used DotNetNuke and some of the third-party modules to develop the Deitel web site. In our DotNetNuke Resource Center you'll find:

A walkthrough of the DotNetNuke web site where you'll find downloads, community modules, forums, online help, a demo, project blogs, the security policy, web hosting benefits, news, community events, a bug tracker and more.
A video introduction to DotNetNuke.
The DotNetNuke Quick Start Videos.
The tutorial, "Creating a DotNetNuke Module—For Absolute Beginners!" by Michael Washington.
The article, "Create Your First DotNetNuke Skin with Dreamweaver," by Vasilis Terzopoulos.
Blogs from numerous DotNetNuke team members including Shaun Walker, the creator and maintainer of DotNetNuke, and Joe Brinkman, the Lead Architect and Security Specialist.
DotNetNuke modules including a mapping module that enables you to add Google Maps into your web pages, a DotNetNuke image gallery module, the AJAX-based Visual DotNetNuke Admin module to help manage your DotNetNuke site and more.
A walkthrough of the Snowcovered website where you'll find numerous for-sale DotNetNuke skins and modules developed by third-party vendors.
DotNetNuke help documentation.
The sample chapter, "The Express and DotNetNuke Combination," from the book, Beginning DotNetNuke 4.0 Web site Creation in C# 2005 with Visual Web Developer 2005 Express: from Novice to Professional, by Nick Symmonds.
The DotNetNuke OpenForce conferences.
The tutorial, "How to Build a Website Using DotNetNuke," from DotNetNuke Creative Magazine.
Resources from the DotNetNuke Project, including the project road map.
BuildPortal.com—a free Web 2.0, Ajax-enabled DotNetNuke portal builder system.
DotNetNuke resources, articles, books, sample chapters, tutorials, podcasts and more.

If you are running a business online, you and not only you but I think every one desire to ensure that it can run 24/7 - or you will lose out on impending profits or worse, put at risk your whole business. The truth that the internet has this astonishing means of being there to provide anybody at any time is perhaps why business owners began using this unbelievable platform in the first place.

If you wish a personal website that will endorse your collection or services, you wouldn't desire your potential client to observe an enormous error page when he or she attempts to access your website through the address you provided in your name card. This could portray you as somebody who is cheap and untrustworthy; potentially demolishing any option of getting business at all.

No one would like an unreliable web host. Though, it is adverse which most people cannot inform a good web hosting supplier from a bad one and end up having to go through the difficulty of running their websites to new hosts every time. At the most awful case, data can be lost from hosts which suddenly revoke your hosting plan with them owing to 'minor' accounting errors.

When selecting a web host, expensive is NOT superior. The entire world of web hosting is thorny, and it is tough to inform how trustworthy a host can be. Cost should not be seemed at as a measure of how fine a web host is, as the price of hosting is at the present barely important when contrast to other services like live support and server management. Cheap web hosting which is good does live, and several times, it is better than exclusive web hosting plans which are offered by strictly unsound people.

The things which you should get note of when searching for cheap web hosting are mostly the technical-support, the speed and the memorials the web host has. These aspects are more significant in comparison to others, because hardware across all good and bad hosts are almost alike, and what differentiates them is how rapidly you can obtain to them at any time you have difficulty so that your website has the least amount of downtime possible.

With ASP.NET, developers can choose to create the server-side code for their Web pages in a myriad of languages. The most common languages that developers will choose, will likely be VB.NET or C#. (There are a number of other languages one can choose to use, from Perl.NET to JScript.NET to COBOL.NET.) Of the many ASP.NET articles and code examples that exist on the Web, it seems that while a slim majority of them are shown VB.NET, a good number are written in C#.

What language is the "best" language choice? If you are a VB wizard, should you take the time to learn C# or continue to use VB.NET? Are C# ASP.NET pages "faster" than VB.NET ASP.NET pages? These are questions that you may find yourself asking, especially when you're just starting to delve into .NET. Fortunately the answer is simple: there is no "best" language. All .NET languages use, at their root, functionality from the set of classes provided by the .NET Framework. Therefore, everything you can do in VB.NET you can do in C#, and vice-a-versa. The only differences among languages is merely a syntactical one.

If you are more familiar with Java, JScript, or C/C++, you may find C#'s syntax more familiar than VB.NET's. If you've been doing VB for the past five years, there's no reason to think you have to now switch to a new langauge (although you should always look to be learning new things).

What if you have an ASP.NET Web page written in C# that you want to convert to VB.NET, or vice-a-versa? As aforementioned, the languages only differ in their syntax, so this translation, while not usually trivial, is still fairly striaghtforward, and can be accomplished systemmatically.

In ASP.NET you can use the language you want to use to prodece the page (VB.NET or C#).
All the code is in a particular file that is not including in the web pages and you must recompiling when you make changes, because ASP.NET using compiling language.
The compiling of the page was made at the server the first time and in the next run reuse this compiling result.
This is a simple introduction to the differnce between this two language, but is not sufficient to define the difference of this two languages.

ASP is run under the inetinfo.exe(IIS) process space and hence susceptible to application crashes as a result the IIS needs to be stopped or restarted. ASP is related to the process isolation setting in IIS.

The ASP.NET worker process is a distinct worker process, aspnet_wp.exe, separate from inetinfo.exe ( IIS process), and the process model in ASP.NET is unrelated to process isolation settings in IIS.

Classical ASP had no mechanism of running itself on non- Microsoft technology platforms like the 'The Apache Web Server'

ASP.NET could be run on non-Microsoft Platforms also. Cassini is a sample Web server produced by Microsoft which, among other projects, has been used to host ASP.NET with Apache.

In ASP, ASP engine executes server-side code, which is always through an interpreter (JScript or VBScript). When a traditional ASP page is requested, the text of that page is parsed linearly. All content that is not server-side script is rendered as is back to the response. All server-side script in the page is first run through the appropriate interpreter (JScript or VBScript), the output of which is then rendered back to the response. This architecture affects the efficiency of page rendering in several ways. First, interpreting the server-side script on the fly.As a side effect, one common optimization for ASP applications is to
move a lot of server-side script into precompiled COM components to improve response times. A second efficiency concern is that intermingling server-side evaluation blocks with static HTML is less efficient than evaluating a single server-side script block, because the interpreter has to be invoked over and over again. Thus, to improve efficiency of rendering, many ASP developers resort to large blocks of server-side script, replacing static HTML elements with Response.Write() invocations instead. Finally, this ASP model actually allows different blocks of script within a page to be written in different script languages. While this may be appealing in some ways, it also degrades performance by requiring that a particular page load both scripting engines to
process a request, which takes more time and memory than using just one language.

In contrast, ASP.NET pages are always compiled into .NET classes housed within assemblies. This class includes all of the server-side code and the static HTML, so once a page is accessed for the first time (or any page within a particular directory is accessed), subsequent rendering of that page is serviced by executing compiled code. This eliminates all the inefficiencies of the scripting model of traditional ASP. There is no longer any performance difference between compiled components and server-side code embedded within a page they are now both compiled components. There is also no performance difference between interspersing server-side code blocks among static HTML elements, and writing large blocks of server-side code and using
Response.Write() for static HTML content. Also, because the .aspx file is parsed into a single code file and compiled, it is not possible to use multiple server-side languages within a single .aspx file.

In classic ASP it was very difficult for us to debug the application. ASP developers had time to debug application due to limited support due to the interpreted model.
But in ASP.NET In addition to improved performance over the interpreted model, pages that are compiled into classes can be debugged using the same debugging tools available to desktop applications or component developers. Errors with pages are generated as compiler errors, and there is a good chance that most errors will be found at compilation time instead of runtime, because VB.NET and C# are both strongly typed languages. Plus, all the tools available to the .NET developer are applicable to the .aspx developer.

In ASP.NET it is no longer possible to include executable code outside the scope of a function within a script block marked as runat=server, and conversely, it is no longer possible to define a function within a pair of server-side script tags.

In traditional ASP applications, components used by pages and deployed in this fashion were notoriously difficult to update or replace. Whenever the application was up and running, it held a reference to the component file so to replace that file, you had to shut down IIS (temporarily taking your Web server offline), replace the file, and restart IIS.

The goals of ASP.NET was to eliminate the need to stop the running Web application whenever components of that application need to be updated or replaced that is, updating an application should be as simple as using xcopy to replace the components on the Web server with the new updated versions. To achieve this xcopy deployment capability, the designers of ASP.NET had to ensure two things: first, that the running application not hold a reference to the component file and second, that whenever the component file was replaced with a new version, that new version was picked up with any subsequent requests made to the application. Both of these goals are achieved by using the shadow copy mechanism provided by the Common Language Runtime (CLR).

Shadow copying of assemblies is something you can configure when you create a new application domain in .NET. The AppDomainSetup class (used to initialize an AppDomain) exposes a Boolean property called ShadowCopyFiles and a string property called CachePath, and the AppDomain class exposes a method called SetShadowCopyPath() to enable shadow copying for a particular application domain. The Boolean property turns the mechanism on for a particular application domain, the CachePath specifies the base directory where the shadowed copies should be placed, and the SetShadowCopyPath() method specifies which directories should have shadow copying enabled.

ASP.NET creates a distinct application domain for each application it hosts in its worker process and for each application domain, it enables shadow copying of all assemblies referenced in the /bin directory. Instead of loading assemblies directly from the /bin directory, the assembly loader physically copies the referenced assembly to a separate directory (also indicated in the configuration settings for that application domain) and loads it from there. This mechanism also keeps track of where the assembly came from, so if a new version of that assembly is ever placed in the original /bin directory, it will be recopied into the Noteshadow" directory and newly referenced from there.

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E-mail is part of the standard TCP/IP set of protocols.

E-mail is part of the standard TCP/IP set of protocols. Sending messages is typically done by SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and receiving messages is handled by POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3), or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol). IMAP is the newer protocol, allowing you to view and sort messages on the mail server, without downloading them to your hard drive.

Though e-mail was originally developed for sending simple text messages, it has become more robust in the last few years. Now, HTML-based e-mail can use the same code as Web pages to incorporate formatted text, colors, and images into the message. Also, documents can be attached to e-mail messages, allowing files to be transfered via the e-mail protocol. However, since e-mail was not originally designed to handle large file transfers, transferring large documents is not allowed by most mail servers.

Online communications between computer users. The most frequently used communications tool on the Internet. E-mail allows you to communicate with one or thousands of users in less time and for less money than it takes to communicate with another person via traditional mail services.

Electronic mail transmitted between millions of users connected on networks worldwide. Messages are exchanged instantaneously, usually at zero marginal cost to users, thereby saving greatly on national or international telephone and express mail fees. Messages may be stored in computer files and processed at a user's convenience. Precautionary advice is given under ActiveX.

For email id packages of HostingPalace click here

HostingPalace has the innovative webhosting technology to implement in the web hosting domestic market. The web hosting Panel provided by HostingPalace as control panel of your domain is one among the best in the current market. It is your domain control panel, from where you manage all aspects of your domain and its contents. The domain control panel provided by web hosting company has been designed with the intention of making it easier for an individual to even act as a domain registrar possessing an authority to register a domain for self or for its clients and every now and then on the basis of requirement he can modify the web hosting account with every new update hence the domain resellers can benefit from such technology with the authority to register domain for its clients. It has become more user-friendly and more reliable.

When you access your web hosting account, everything you need is available right there in hosting panel or domain control panel itself.

The main tools available within your panels let you do the basic domain and webspace administration required to keep your website in order. You can set or reset your login details, ftp details and email accounts from web hosting control panel. You can access and maintain all your databases from your web hosting control panel as well, review basic statistics of your website, check your bandwidth use, check which scripts are supported, block certain IP addresses(depends on the web hosting package terms) from accessing your website, check for and clear up viruses, make a backup of your entire site, and other general maintenance actions, or grooming, of your domain.

If your web hosting plan allows it, you can actually set up different domains within your single account and control them all through your hosting or domain control panel.

Within your webhosting panel, you will more often than not find a handy little extra applications called file manager. It is what made easier for a client to deploy website files in webspace without taking the help of ftp account.Inbuilt feature of webhosting panel helps doing so, and this brilliant tool really comes as a handy element for hosting resellers who in this case every now and then need not have to memorize or search for ftp login information for different domains of its clients . It is not restricted to limited upload or download. One can deploy unlimited files in its webspace using the feature however restricted to limited upload in some online software at one time due to unavailability to browse for unlimited files. Bandwidth doesnt get much affected with such move and unlimited upload and download can easily be taken into process(incase the package has unlimited webspace and bandwidth facility).

Some hosting panel has the feature of adding java applications separately to its webspace package. As java is an important and widely used application most of the web hosting companies will make it sure the compatible features to enable the java application resides in the online software or control panel.

Many web hosting companies have added online shopping application in its webspace packages which helps clients to add up the application to its website at ease rather swaying the process of manipulation and editing. These comes free nowadays with web hosting packages. Most of the web hosting companies have included such applications for free in its web hosting package to let their client get benefited for hosting web applications.

HostingPalace has started providing free search engine submission for its 2 years old clients.Based on the demand of our clients which they are looking to get for free along with their web hosting i.e webspace packages HostingPalace has stated implementing this technique to help our clients to submit their website URL for free in over 8 lakh search engines.

In the age of interconnectivity, business communication has to be efficient as it has to be also effective. Formerly, businesses relied on paper and ink to communicate with customers and clients. But, with Web and Internet technologies, most businesses have shifted to a more efficient means of communication: email. Traditional, paper-based business communication still keeps its place in the business world and is still being used by many companies in combination with electronic communications. Yet, many other companies have decided to go absolutely paperless and rely on email hosting service for their electronically assisted business messages.

The Web and the Internet have made many different ways for people to communicate with each other. Foremost among the many new communication channels is email, although one can argue that email technology is no longer that new. Businesses connected to the wired world primarily use email to communicate with employees, clients, and customers. But, more than that, businesses use email as one way to etch their names on the Internet's virtual wall. Because of such important uses of email to business enterprise, many companies avail of email hosting services for their communication needs.

The concept of email hosting is really easy to understand, even though the process and system involved may sound complex. Simply speaking, email hosting is the business of enabling people to use email through the email hosting provider's email servers. Many people subscribe to email hosting services for either personal or corporate use. Large-scale companies that have the means and human resources often install their own email servers and provide the service internally. Small-sized companies, however, cannot afford the costs of an internal email hosting service, but they can subscribe to an external email hosting service.

Email hosting providers today number by the hundreds, or even a few thousands. This means that you have hundreds of providers to choose from. Each one of them provides, at the very least, basic email services such as composing messages, accessing emails, replying to emails, attaching files, keeping a list of contacts, storing calendars, spam prevention, antivirus protection, and so on.

Cutthroat competition is one clear characteristic of today's email hosting industry. Each email hosting service provider--just like any other business enterprise--always wants to lead the pack. The most popular strategy that email hosting providers use is that of tiered subscription plans catering to specific needs of diverse subscribers. For example, competitive prices are available for different subscription plans; such pricing strategy can effectively make a tight-budget company easily choose the least-priced plan with the most features suited to its needs.

Price does not wrap up the story. The packaging of services and features also offers an opportunity for an email hosting provider to get a bigger cut of the market. Many email hosting providers offer several extra features and add-ons to their subscription plans in the hope of enticing customers. For example, collaborative tools may be included by an email hosting company in its least-priced subscription plan so that prospect customers will choose the company over another.

Today's email hosting service providers offer a more cheaper and better option than internal email hosting. If you subscribe to an external email hosting service, you and your employees can already communicate through email and can even access your emails through mobile devices. Finally, getting your own domain name and subscribing to email hosting service will make your email address passively advertise your brand or company name.

HostingPalace has also worked on mail Hosting technology for companies who have improved their businesses through email hosting.

Outlook configuration steps

From the Tools pull-down menu select the Accounts option.

Select the Mail tab.

Select Add and then Mail from the list provided.

Follow the instructions provided by the wizard.

Incoming mail (POP3 or IMAP) server
This is typically your domain name, for example yourcompany.com.

Select either POP3 or IMAP
If you are unsure which to select, we recommend you select POP.

Outgoing mail (SMTP) server
This is typically your domain name, for example yourcompany.com.

Account Name
This should be your e-mail user name, for example bob for an e-mail address of bob@yourcompany.com.

Password
This is be the password you associated with the Account Name above.

Click More Settings.

Check the My outgoing server (SMTP) requires authentication box. Use the same settings as your incoming mail server for SMTP-Auth.

Microsoft Outlook Express Configuration steps

Start Outlook Express and select Accounts from the Tools menu.

You will see a listing of all the different accounts that you have Outlook Express configured to use. Click on Add and select Mail... to add a new email account.

The Account Wizard will start up and guide you through the configuration process. Use the following information from your Virtual Server when prompted by the wizard.

When prompted for your E-mail address, enter your username at your Host domain name (for example, username@MY-DOMAIN.NAME

When asked for your Type of mail server, select either POP3 or IMAP.

Use your Host domain name for the Incoming Mail and Outgoing Mail servers.

Use your username as the POP account name.

Use the password associated with your account username as the Password.

When you finish with the wizard, it will return you to the Internet Accounts window. Your e-mail account will be displayed. It is now ready to receive e-mail via POP or IMAP

Highlight the account and click the Properties button. The Properties Window displays.

Click the Servers tab and select the My server requires Authentication box at the bottom of the window. Click the Settings button, the Outgoing Mailserver window displays.

Select Use same settings as my incoming mail server and Click OK. Outlook Express is now configured to send e-mail via SMTP.

A mail server is an application that receives incoming e-mail from users and outside senders and forwards outgoing e-mail for delivery. A computer dedicated to running this type o f applications is called a mail server. Microsoft Exchange, qmail, Exim, postfix and sendmail are one of the basic mail server programs.

The mail server works collectively with other programs to make up what is sometimes referred to as a email messaging scheme. A messaging system includes all the applications necessary to keep e-mail going as it should. When you send an e-mail message, your e-mail program, such as Outlook or Eudora, forwards the message to your mail server, which in turn forwards it either to another mail server or to a holding area on the same server called a que to be forwarded later. As a rule, the system uses SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) or ESMTP (extended SMTP) for sending e-mail, and either POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) or IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) for receiving e-mail.

For our definition of an email server we provide mail servers either shared or a managed dedicated IP servers for small business, home business or corporations to contact their customers via email marketing. No type of marketing costs less than email. email beats, coupons, mailers, newspaper, radio or TV by a mile.

Each computer directly connected to the Internet has at least one specific IP address. However, users do not want to work with numerical addresses such as 194.153.205.26 but with a domain name or more specifically addresses (called FQDN addresses) such as www.commentcamarche.net.

It is possible to associate names in normal language with numerical addresses thanks to a system called DNS (Domain Name System).

This correlation between the IP addresses and the associated domain name is called domain name resolution (or address resolution).

Computers connected to the Internet (or an intranet) use a numeric addressing system to locate other computers on the network. This numeric addressing system requires that each computer connected to a network have its own, unique numeric address called an Internet Protocol (IP) address. IP addresses are represented by a string of numbers separated by periods, for example 74.127.7.3. Machines, of course, have no problem using these numerical addresses. People, on the other hand, find it easier to use and remember addresses if they are familiar, brief and meaningful (e.g., abcde.com).

Since computers on the Internet must use numeric addresses, an intermediary system is needed to translate a domain name (e.g., abcde.com) to its corresponding IP address. The DNS facilitates these translations.

The Internet's DNS infrastructure consists of a distributed system of name servers. Each name server knows about some part of the overall name space, and can find its way to other parts of the name space. When a mail server needs to map a domain name to an IP address, it starts by asking its local name server, which may then ask one or more remote name servers for help in finding the answer.

The DNS stores a number of items of interest to mail servers. An address (A) record maps a server's host name to its IP address. For example, using Bind's notation:

MX 10 mail.abcde.com

When you send an e-mail to user@abcde.com, your local mail server receives the message and then searches for the IP address of software.com's mail server. This is a two step process. First, it looks up the MX record for software.com, which identifies the name (A record) of the server that handles mail for the software.com domain. Next, it looks up mail.software.com's (A record) to find its IP address. Your local mail server then establishes a connection with the host 74.127.7.3 and transfers the message to abcde.com's mail server.

Having an alternate mail host can save the day if your primary inbound Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) host gets knocked out, even for a short time. This fallback MX host receives mail for your site when your primary MX host is unavailable, queues your mail, then forwards it to your primary MX host when your site is back online.

If you haven't set up a fallback MX host, and your MX host or network goes down, mail for your site will queue up on many servers throughout the Internet. This is likely to cause problems when your mail service is brought back online.

If you don't know which mail servers have been queuing mail for your site, you won't know whom to notify once your service is brought back online. Since manual intervention may be required to "flush" your queued mail, it may sit on these servers for a long time before it is sent to you. If it sits there long enough, it may even be bounced.

Once your primary MX server comes online, the queued messages it receives will not arrive in chronological order, since different sites will flush their queues at different times.By using a fallback MX host, you know where to find your (serialized) mail if your primary MX mail server crashes or becomes unreachable. Choose your fallback MX host wisely. It can be onsite, offsite, or both. An offsite fallback MX host is less likely to be affected by a catastrophe that disables your own system or network, but requires a cooperative, reliable partner. An unreliable fallback host may be worse than none at all, since it may lose your mail if it's not managed properly. Your fallback host must have enough capacity to spool your mail, possibly for days.

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http://www.co5.in/

MSSQL | A relational DBMS from Microsoft that is a major component of the Windows Server System

A relational DBMS from Microsoft that is a major component of the Windows Server System. It is Microsoft's high-end client/server database and is closely integrated with Microsoft Visual Studio and the Microsoft Office System. Numerous editions are available, including those for Enterprise, Developer, Workgroup and 64-bit platforms.

SQL Server was originally developed by Sybase and also sold by Microsoft for OS/2 and Windows NT. In 1992, Microsoft began development of its own version, but acknowledged Sybase as copyright holder of origin until 1994. Future revisions diverged in 1995 when Sybase renamed its product Adaptive Server Enterprise as a means of differentiation

MSSQL is a database system from Microsoft, mostly used on high traffic web sites running on the Windows platform.

SQL Server has ever-improving functionality that helps us peek into, shred, store, manipulate and otherwise utilize XML.

Apart from online retailers and web publishers, most businesses today have become web-centric and have set foot in to the domain of e-commerce quite willingly. SQL Server provides all the tools needed to create powerful e-commerce applications.

Entering and exchanging data or OLTP (Online transaction processing) is only one part of database management. OLAP or Online Analytical Processing services make it possible to analyze high-level of aggregation of data and trace patterns. SQL Server Analysis Services is a direct descendant of SQL Server 7 OLAP Server but with vastly enhanced services.

Data mining helps users analyze data in voluminous relational databases and multidimensional OLAP cubes to uncover hidden patterns that can be used to predict future trends. SQL Server allows the use of clustered algorithms that help record data that exhibit similar and predictable characteristics into clusters. For example, you could record the behavior of a potential buyer and base your marketing campaign on these results.

This is a separate program that indexes all sorts of information from most of the Back Office products. Digitally stored information is in the form of unstructured textual data and saved in a plain text file or formatted documents. Full text Search enables access to data in a uniform manner.

SQL Server Reporting Services is a powerful solution that enables the authoring, management, and delivery of both paper-oriented reports and interactive Web-based reports. With SQL Reporting Services, organizations can create reports to be published to the Report Server using Microsoft or third-party design tools that use Report Definition Language (RDL), an XML-based industry standard. Report definitions and resources are published and managed as Web services and users can view reports in Web-based formats or via email.

Almost every web developer has a favorite database that he/she feels comfortable working with as all the tricks & gimmicks are already experienced.It is understandable why these databases are frequently used; they are well-documented, have a community behind them, integrated with most popular CMSs', easy-to-use, offered by most of the hosting companies ,etc.

But there are also many other databases which are getting popular day-by-day & may have advantages over what you're already using.

All activities in SQL Server can be performed by sysadmin server role members and overall database functions are completely controlled by them. The function of the members of the serveradmin server role is to change server configuration parameters and shutting down of the server. Setupadmin server role members can add or remove linked servers, manage replication and extended stored procedures. Some system stored procedures like sp serveroption can be executed by this role. Creation and management of server logins and auditing and reading error logs are done by securityadmin server role members. Management of the processes that run in SQL Server is done by processadmin server role members. Database creation, alteration and resizing are the functions of dbcreator server role members. Disk files are managed by diskadmin server role members.

Now that PHP runs so well on Windows web servers and speaks natively with SQL Server, there's no longer a need to keep PHP and MS SQL Server separate. The benefits of both are available to use. This article provides instructions on how to enable the sybase or mssql modules in your PHP installation and how to use SQL Server with the DB package.

Most of the articles about using PHP for database applications talk about using it in conjunction with MySQL. If they really want to stretch themselves, they talk about PostgreSQL. The business world uses a different standard though, and Microsoft's SQL Server can be found in most corporate data centers.

Traditionally the installation of a Microsoft architecture meant that it was Microsoft and closed source software all the way. If you needed to talk to a Microsoft SQL Server database, you used Microsoft development tools exclusively. Likewise, if you needed the features of PHP, you stuck to open source database engines. Adding MySQL or PostgreSQL to the database server mix made for some interesting programming to synchronize data, and it made life harder for the system administration staff.

Now that PHP runs so well on Windows web servers and speaks natively with SQL Server, there's no need for this unnecessary division. PHP can be a full corporate citizen. I am experienced with development in both Microsoft and open source technologies, and I admit that they both have their benefits and their limitations. Now I can take the benefits of both. I can have the power of SQL Server with a good programming language that I enjoy using.

This article is making the assumption that you are already familiar with writing PHP database applications. It also assumes that you have at least some familiarity with SQL Server.

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Any code that runs under the Common Language Runtime (CLR) hood is managed code. The CLR is the core of the .NET environment providing all necessary services for the execution of the managed code. SQL Server 2005 has a tight integration with the CLR which enables the developer to create stored procedures, triggers, user defined functions, aggregates and user defined types using the managed code.

MS SQL suits best when you need to perform little procedural logic and access data from the server. If your data needs to undergo complex logic then the better option is using managed code. When working on data intensive operations, working in MSSQL would be an easy approach, but MS SQL lacks the ease of programming. You might end up in lot of lines of coding in trying to simulate operations that are specific to character, string operations, arrays, collections, bit shifting and so forth. While working with mathematical operations and regular expressions, you might need a language that provides an easy, clean yet powerful way of handling such operations. If you encounter situation where you need to perform such operations using MSSQL, then it is really going to be annoying.

Integrating DML operations with managed code also helps bifurcate logic into classes and namespaces, which is somewhat similar to what we have schemas in the database. Now saying this, it should be understood that integrating CLR into SQL Server does not replace the business tier of your application. The benefits of integrating the CLR with SQL Server include:

The MSSQL statements that you execute actually run on the server end. But at times when you want to distribute the load between the client and server, you could go with the managed code. So using managed code you could perform critical logic operations in client side so that the server could be busy only with data intensive operations.

The fact that SQL Server provides you extended stored procedures to avail certain system related functions from your MSSQL code, but at the same time you may have to compromise with the integrity of the server. When it comes to managed code, it provides type safety, effective memory management and better synchronization of services which is integrated tightly with the CLR and, hence, the SQL Server 2005. So this means that integrating CLR with SQL Server provides a scalable and safer means for accomplishing tasks which are tougher or almost impossible using MSSQL.

.NET Framework provides a rich support for handling XML based operations from managed code; although realizing the fact the SQL Server supports XML based operations, you could perform such operations using .NET with little effort when compared to using MSSQL scripts.
Nested transactions in MSSQL have limitations when dealing with look back connections, whereas this could be better achieved using managed code by setting the attribute "enlist=false" in the connection string.

When working MSSQL you may not be able to fetch rows which form the middle of the operation from a result set until the execution gets finished. This is termed as pipelining of results which could be achieved with CLR integration.

If you could check your database configuration you could notice that the CLR Integration is turned off by default. Enabling or disabling of CLR integration could be done by setting the "clr enabled" option to 1 or 0. Once the CLE integration is disabled, all the executing CLR procedures are unloaded across all application domains.

Performance factor is a measure of the amount of response time that you get upon any operation that you perform against the server. Modern databases are designed in a way that they would not halt the business with increasing load. But, the performance factor of the database in an enterprise project is usually given a low priority in the initial stages of design. Poor database design may lead to slow running transactions, excessive blocking, poor resource balancing and so forth which could cost excess amount of time and money to maintain.

So why do we need to care about performance any way? Better performance provides faster transactions and good scalability. This would cause more batch processing jobs to be done in less time with a low down time. Increased performance would help to gain better response time for the users and provide faster services even on increased load operations. Performance factor should be considered from the day we start designing our database. As the complexity of the design increases, it becomes harder and harder to pull out the design issues in order to get a better performance.

There are many techniques where we could monitor and improve the performance, but we shall limit it now to certain tips that will help us to fine tune the database.

SQL Server 2005 introduces a feature called Row Level Versioning which allows effective management of concurrent access to the data while maintaining the consistency of data. Usually an isolation level decides an extent on how the modified data is isolated from other. RLV benefits when data is accessed across isolation levels because they help to eliminate the read operation locks, thus improving the read concurrency. The fact is that the read operations do not require shared locks on the data when it is running on isolation levels with RLV, this eventually does not block other requests accessing the same data, and that is how the locking resources are minimized. On the other hand, when it comes to write operations, two write requests cannot modify the same data at the same time.

Triggers working on INSERT and DELETE operations change the versions of the rows. So triggers that modify data will benefit from RLV. The rows of the result set is versioned, when an INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE statement is issued prior the data was accessed using the SELECT statement.

Transactions greatly affect the data when you perform CRUD operations. Transactions may also be executed in batch with many requests operating on a single or a row set. So when a transaction modifies a row value the previous committed row value is stored as version in tempdb.

By setting the READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT and ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION options to ON, logical copies are made on the modified data by the transactions, and a transaction sequence number is assigned to every transaction that operates on the data using Row Level Versioning. The transaction sequence number is automatically incremented each time the BEGIN TRANSACTION statement is executed.

So the changes to the row are marked with transaction sequence numbers. These TSN's are linked with the newer rows that reside in the current database. Now, the TSN's are monitored periodically and numbers with least use are deleted from time to time by the database. So it is up to the database which actually decides how long the row versions have to be stored in the tempdb database.

Now, the transaction sequence numbers are tracked periodically and transaction sequence numbers with least use are deleted from time to time. As a matter of fact, the read operations do not require shared locks on the data when it is running on isolation levels with Row Level Versioning, which eventually does not block other readers or writers accessing the same data, as a result the locking resources are minimized. On the other hand, when it comes to write operations, two writers cannot modify the same data at the same time.

The READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT and ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION options should be turned on in order that the transaction isolation levels such as READ_COMMITTED and SNAPSHOT make use of the RLV system. The read committed isolation level supports distributive transactions unlike the snapshot which does not. The temporary database "tempdb" is extensively used by the SQL Server to store its temporary result sets. All the versions are stored in the tempdb database. Once the database has exceeded its maximum space utilization the update operations stops generating versions. The applications that leverage the row committed level transactions does not even need to be re-factored for enabling the RLV and also it consumes less storage space of the tempdb database, and for these reasons the read committed isolation level is preferred over the snapshot isolation.

Row Level Versioning help in situations where an applications lot of insert and update operations on the data and at the same time a bunch of reports are accessing in parallel. It could also prove beneficial if your server is experiencing relatively high deadlocks. Also for systems performing mathematical computation, they require accurate precision and RLV gives a greater amount of accuracy for such kind of operations.

Error handling was a pretty tough job in the earlier versions of SQL Server. Developers had to perform lot of conditional checks for the error code returned after each INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE operations. Developers must check the @@ERROR attribute each time they might see the possibility of an error based operations. Error messages could be generated either from the SQL Server or thrown explicitly by the user. Let us first see how developers usually perform the error handling in SQL Server 2000. We shall have a stored procedure for our demonstration.

The INSERT statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK_Employee_Contact_ContactID." The conflict occurred in database "AdventureWorks" table "Person.Contact" column "ContactID."

The statement has been terminated.

As you could see, the error message has Msg, Level of severity, State and Line. The "Msg" holds the error number generated for the message, in this case 547. All the error messages are defined in the table called sys.messages. If you are going for custom error handling then you can utilize the sp_addmessage system procedure to implement new error messages.

Next, you have the severity "Level" of the message. Severity codes lie in the range of 0 to 25. Any error message above 20 will terminate the connection. Error messages from 17 to 20 specify a resource problem, from 11 to 16 specify error messages in the T-SQL scripts, and error messages below 11 specify warnings.

Next we have the "State" of the error message. This is an arbitrary integer range falling in between 0 to 127. This provides information on the source that has issued the error message. However, there is not much documentation disclosed by Microsoft on this.

Next is the "Line" number which tells us the line where the error has occurred in the procedure or T-SQL batch. And the last one is the message itself.

The understanding and implementation of the error handling in the earlier versions of SQL Server 2005 was fair enough, but was with a lot of housekeeping activity. SQL Server 2005 provides flexible means to handle error handling mechanism by using the TRY and CATCH blocks.

When an error occurs, the statement is terminated from the current execution point and it enters the catch block. The functions following the PRINT statements are built-in functions that provide information on the error message. You could also embed the code from start to end in a stored procedure and call it wherever you need. You can also log the error messages in a table for debugging purpose. AdventureWorks database handles error handling in similar manner; you could find procedures uspLogError and uspPrintError which do the job.

You could also use the RAISERROR to define you own custom error messages. The RAISERROR may take a system error code or a user defined error code which would be eventually fired by the server to the connected application or within the try..catch block.

A serious error has terminated the program. Error message is ...statement conflicted..., Error code is 52000.

Next time when you are working with MsSQL code, you need not really worry about implementing numerous checks for errors. The TRY..CATCH feature helps with a better approach for error handling which would minimize the size of your code, thus improving readability.

Concurrency could be defined as an ability of multiple sessions to access a shared data at the same time. Concurrency comes in to picture when a request is trying to read data and the process prevents the other requests to change the same data or vice versa.

The RLV discussed above allows concurrent access automatically with no additional application control to avail this feature. Now any relational database could support multiple and simultaneous connections to the database. The job of handling concurrencies between the requests is usually handled by the server. SQL Server internally takes care of the blocking issues between two or more processes. But sometimes it may be necessary to take over some part of the control over the concurrent access to maintain the balance between data consistency and concurrency.

There are two kinds of concurrency control: Optimistic concurrency control and pessimistic concurrent control. SQL Server has a pessimistic concurrency model by default. So by default, other transactions could not read the data until the current session commits, which in this case is a writer block. Locking could prove a good choice for many of today's database systems, but it may also introduce blocking issues. If the results are based on only the committed data then the only option left is to wait until changes are committed.

To put it in a straight forward manner, a pessimistic concurrency control the system is pessimistic. It assumes that a conflict will arise when a read operation is requested over the data modification of other users. So in this case locks are imposed to ensure that the access to the data is blocked which is being used by other session.

But in the case of optimistic concurrency, it works with an assumption that any request could modify data which is being currently read by another request. This is where the row level versioning is being used which checks the state before accessing the modified data.

One of the common mistakes developers often perform is to execute MSSQL statements directly from their application. Worse, the performance may get degraded if the combinations of operators, such as LIKE and NOT LIKE, are used with the statements. It is always a good practice to use stored procedures rather than stuffing queries in your application or a web page. Stored procedures help improve the performance since they are precompiled.

Use minimal string operations as are often costly, so do not use them in a JOIN condition. Using implicit or explicit functions in the where clause might impact your server. Also, using complex business logic in triggers is yet another performance issue. When you are working with transactions, always use isolation levels. Proper utilization of isolation levels will help reduce locking and also avoid dirty reads and writes.

If possible, avoid using CURSOR's. The other way around is to use temporary tables with WHILE statements and break complex queries into many temporary tables and later joining them. Also when you are working with large tables, select only those rows or columns that are needed in the result set. Unnecessary inclusion on columns and rows will congest the network traffic which is, again, a bottleneck for performance.

Create indexes only when they are really required because SQL Server needs to arrange and maintain records for each index that you define. To make sure that you are creating for the right purpose, you can create indexes on columns which are used in WHERE condition and ORDER BY, GROUP BY and DISTINCT clauses. Indexes which are not used may cause extra overhead. Also, it is always recommended to have smaller cluster indexes and moreover define a data range for the cluster indexes that you maintain. Once you define a column as foreign key, it is a good practice to create an index on it. You can also use the index tuning wizard to check the index performance and be sure to remove unused indexes.

The way you design your database impacts greatly on the performance of SQL Server. When you are working with tables, always use proper data types for the columns. If your data has very large chunks of characters then you can go with text data type. Check if proper primary and foreign key relationships are defined across various tables. Make a practice of normalizing your database first and then work around de-normalizing for improving any performance. You may use indexed views for de-normalization purpose. Analysis job usually takes more of the system resources, so it is recommended to use separate servers for Analysis and Transaction processing jobs.

Do not use prefix in your stored procedures, i.e., do not prefix them with sp_. Microsoft ships system procedures which are prefixed with sp_. So if you prefix your procedures with sp_, SQL Server will first search in the master database for the procedure and then in your application database. Again, this is a bottleneck.

Always use exception handling if you are working with transaction based procedures. Proper error handling ensures security and provides a better approach of what to do when an unexpected error occurs.

If you do not want your client application to check the rows affected for an operation, then it is advisable to use SET NOCOUNT ON in your stored procedures. Not using this would send the number of rows affected to the client application or ADO/ADO.NET. The client application would further work on this result through the command or connection objects. This could cause extra overhead on both the client and server.

Set your database size initially instead of allowing it to grow automatically. To minimize disk reads and writes, you may create the log file and tempdb into separate devices from the data. You can utilize RAID configuration with multiple disk controllers if the database performs large data warehouse operations. Have an optimal memory for your server and perform index fragmentation as and when needed. You can go with the automatic database shrink option to manage unwanted space. However, it is recommended that you use default server configuration for your application.

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